Impact of gall midge orseolia oryzae damage on yields of recommended traditional and improved glutinous varieties of lowland rice in the lao pdr s. Pdf assessment of virulence of rice gall midge, orseolia. The maggot, hatching from the egg, crawls down the leaf sheath, feeds on the apical meristem and induces formation of gall, which renders the tiller sterile resulting in grain yield loss. Rflp and rapd mapping of the rice gm2 gene that confers resistance to biotype 1 of gall midge orseolia oryzae. Free fulltext pdf articles from hundreds of disciplines, all in one place the asian rice gall midge orseolia oryzae mitogenome has evolved novel gene boundaries and tandem repeats that distinguish its biotypes pdf paperity. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion and see a list of open tasks. The maggot, hatching from the egg, crawls down the leaf sheath, feeds on the apical meristem and induces formation of gall, which renders. Pdf six distinct biotypes of the asian rice gall midge, orseolia oryzae. Pests of rice, symptoms and their management rice is one of indias major staple food crop. The pest is difficult to manage in view of a mixture of biotypes cooccurring in the same location and showing variable response to cultivated rice, oryza sativa l. Phylogenetic status of asian rice gall midge, orseolia oryzae in the. Many resistant varieties have been identified and have been utilized in breeding programmes to.
Reads from both the samples were shuffled and merged together to generate a comprehensive. Sahithi and others published assessment of virulence of rice gall midge, orseolia oryzae woodmason. The asian rice gall midge, orseolia oryzae, is a major dipteran pest of rice, with many known biotypes. Tissue necrosis representing a typical hypersensitive reaction hr, accompanied by maggot mortality, was. Feeding on resistant rice leads to enhanced expression of defender. Tissue necrosis representing a typical hypersensitive reaction hr. College of arts and science, kondotti, malappuram, kerala 673638, india 2department of environmental science, central university. The insect host plant relationship requires intricate knowledge of the physiology and behaviour of.
Currently, very little knowledge exists with regard to this insect at the molecular level. Cultural, biological and chemical control methods have been employed to alleviate this loss. Pdf assessment of virulence of rice gall midge, orseolia oryzae. Pdf a new biotype of the asian rice gall midge orseolia oryzae. Scientific name of rice is oryza sativa, it comes under the grass family poaceae. The gall midge orseolia javanica, a candidate biocontrol. Cecidomyiidae, a major pest of rice, oryza sativa l. The gall midge orseolia javanica, a candidate biocontrol agent of cogongrass imperata cylindricajames p. Orseolia oryzae, the rice gall midge, is a major pest of rice in many areas of tropical asia and is becoming an important pest in africa.
Identification of long noncoding rna in rice lines. As pointed out by horber 1972, breeding resistant crops is neither nor quick. The host range, annual cycle and parasitoids of the african rice gall midge orseolia oryzivora diptera. The asian rice gall midge orseolia oryzae is a major pest responsible for immense loss in rice productivity. Mason in family cecidomyiidae of diptera, is one of the important pests of rice plants in tropical asia. Feeding on resistant rice leads to enhanced expression of. The tree was constructed using the neighbourjoining method and the. Biodiversity of asian rice gall midge orseolia oryzae wood mason from five countries examined by aflp analysis. The asian rice gall midge, orseolia oryzae diptera. Pests of rice borers and foliage feeders yellow stem borer, leaf folder, gall midge, other defoliators are important and cause significant reduction in yield in rice growing areas. Cecidomyiidae in central and southeast nigeria volume 89 issue 6 c. During the last three decades, host plant resistance has proved to be the most effective mechanism of controlling the asian rice gall midge. Recent studies on natural enemies of the rice gall midge. Rice seedlings of the resistant variety phalguna showed premature tillering, browning of central leaf, and tissue necrosis at the apical meristem following artificial infestation with avirulent biotype 1 of the asian rice gall midge, orseolia oryzae wood.
This causes unexpected damage of rice production worth of nearly half a billion dollars every year. Genetic analysis of resistance to gall midge orseolia. The present work on studies on identification of new sources of resistance against gall midge, orseolia oryzae in rice was carried out at agricultural research station, nellore, angrau and agricultural research station, ragolu, angrau during 201517. Phylogenetic status of asian rice gall midge, orseolia oryzae in the cecidomyiidae family. This pest is genetically diverse and many gall midge biotypes are known to exist in each country. Distribution of larvae of ophionea indica thunberg. The asian rice gall midge, orseolia oryzae woodmason diptera. Genetic, physiological and molecular interactions of rice. A new biotype of the asian rice gall midge orseolia oryzae. The gall midge problem is further compounded by the fact that there are many biotypes of this insect and new biotypes are continuously. Biodiversity of asian rice gall midge orseolia oryzae. Keeping all these facts in view the present investigation entitled management of rice gall midge orseolia oryzae wood mason was undertaken to explore the required and pertinent information pertaining to 5 set objectives of the thesis protocol. They are characterised by hairy wings, unusual in the order diptera, and have long antennae.
Resistance mechanism in rice to the midge orseolia oryzae. Background the asian rice gall midge orseolia oryzae is a destructive insect pest of rice. Consensus prediction of membrane protein topology using. Yellow stem borer scirpophaga incertulas pyraustidae lepidoptera 2. Pyrosequencingbased transcriptome analysis of the asian rice. Causing formation of a tube like gall that is similar to onion. Phylogeography of the asian rice gall midge orseolia. The asian rice gall midge rgm orseolia oryzae wood mason diptera. The present investigation was initiated to understand the molecular mechanisms of infestation for developing novel integrated pest management strategies. Phylogenetic status of asian rice gall midge, orseolia. The efficacy of certain insecticides for controlling the rice gall midge, orseolia oryzae wood. Pierce, fl 3bogor agricultural university, west java, indonesia 22nd annual southwest florida invasive species.
Low this article has been rated as lowimportance on the. The host range, annual cycle and parasitoids of the. Regional station, kilburn colony, hinoo house, hinoo ranchi. Genetic analysis of resistance to gall midge orseolia oryzae wood mason in rice. The asian rice gall midge orseolia oryzae woodmanson is a serious pest of rice in certain regions of south, central and east india causing significant yield loss mainly during kharif season. Pyrosequencingbased transcriptome analysis of the asian. Bioefficacy of insecticides in nursery against asian rice. More than 6,000 species and 783 genera are described worldwide, but since 1,100 are from wellstudied north america, this is certainly an underestimate, and a recent dna barcoding study estimated the fauna of. Expression of orseolia oryzae nucleoside diphosphate.
The tree was constructed using the neighborjoining method. The most effective method of controlling the pest has been the development of resistant rice. The present study was initiated with the aim of developing molecular resources as well as identifying alterations at the transcriptome. Chemical and other cultural methods for control of this pest are neither very effective nor environmentally safe. Amplified fragment length polymorphism aflp analysis was used to assess the biodiversity of one of the most important dipteran pests of cereals, the asian rice gall midge orseolia oryzae wood mason. However, no reports on the role of any antiapoptotic genes in the ricegall midge interaction are available. Information on all these aspects are almost lacking in the context of the state of jharkhand. The tree was constructed using the neighbourjoining method and the pairwise.
Genetic analysis of resistance to gall midge orseolia oryzae wood mason in rice j. Mason is a major problem in rice cropping in many south and southeast asian countries because of emergence of different biotypes in their population that breaks down the resistance of host plants. Orseolia oryzae tnau agritech portal crop protection. The damage to the crop is done by the larvae which form galls commonly known as silver shoots or onion shoots. Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in. Pdf biology of the rice gall midge, orseolia oryzae. Rflp and rapd mapping of the rice gm2 gene that confers resistance to biotype 1 of gall midge orseolia oryzae m mohan, s nair, js bentur, up rao, j bennett theoretical and. Gall midge orseolia oryzae cecidomyiidae diptera 3. The asian rice gall midge orseolia oryzae mitogenome has. Cecidomyiidae, a candidate biological control agent of cogongrass james p. These studies have been showing minor changes in the virulence pattern of the pest population at warangal in andhra. Orseolia oryzae, also called the asian rice gall midge, is a species of small fly in the family.
Cecidomyiidae is a major pest of rice, leading to yield losses in thailand and many asian countries. Thunberg, and f other pests such as rice gall midge orseolia oryzae woodmason, the rice leaf folders cnaphalocrocis medinalis guenee, marasmia patnalis bradley, marasmia exigua butler, the grain aphid hysteroneura setariae thomas, pentatomid bug nezara. Asian rice gall midge orseolia oryzae is a major pest across much of south and southeast asia. The asian rice gall midge orseolia oryzae is a destructive insect pest of rice. Hypersensitive reaction and induced resistance in rice. The number of lncrna found in resistant line was 1429, 1927 and 1981 in mock and m. Major pests of rice and their management agriedu4u. Identification of novel sources of resistance and their mechanisms to rice gall midge, orseolia oryzae wood mason. Field trials were carried out at chiplima, india during the wet seasons of 1980 and 1981.
Cecidomyiidae are very fragile small insects usually only 23 mm in length. A total of 105 accessions were used to evaluate resistance against o. Effects of insecticides on the rice gall midge, orseolia. Functional classification of these lncrna reveals a higher number of long intergenic noncoding rna compared to antisense lncrna in both mock and m. The asian rice gall midge is the third major insect pest of. Mason, one of the major insect pests of rice, has several epidemics in chhattis. Chakravarthy 1department of agricultural entomology, college of agriculture, uas b, visveswarayya. Six distinct biotypes of the asian rice gall midge, orseolia oryzae woodmason, have been characterized so far from different parts of india and their geographical distribution has been well mapped and monitored annually through the national gall midge biotype studies. The asian rice gall midge, orseolia oryzae woodmason, is a serious. Combining ability of selected rice hybrids and parents to gall midge. Impact of gall midge orseolia oryzae damage on yields of.
Despite an increasing number of reported midge outbreaks and the presence of many susceptible rice varieties, only a few studies have focused on the genetic variation of the midges. To develop an understanding of the resistance mechanism s, studies were initiated. Introduction the asian rice gall midge, orseolia oryzae woodmason diptera. Recent studies on natural enemies of the rice gall midge, orseolia oryzae wood mason by terunobu hidaka, erma budiyanto, vanich yaklai and ravindra c. Larvae and pupae were collected at 15 locations in five asian countries and preserved in 95% ethanol for storage, shipment, and dna extraction using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide ctab. Page agronomical and mechanical control 68 varietal resistance 68 biological control 70 chemical control 70 lepidoptera 72 acigona ignefusalis hampson 72 identification 73 distribution 74. Orseolia oryzae woodmason rice gall midge 57 identification 58 distribution 59 hosts 60 damage 61 biology 63 control strategies 66. Orseolia oryzae, also called the asian rice gall midge, is a species of small fly in the family cecidomyiidae. Pdf detection of asian rice gall midge orseolia oryzae. This article is within the scope of wikiproject insects, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of insects on wikipedia. The host range, annual cycle and parasitoids of the african.
An aflp marker that differentiates biotypes of the indian gall midge orseolia oryzae, woodmason is linked to sex and avirulence mol gen genet 263. Cecidomyiidae is a major and endemic pest throughout asia. Khamphoukeo2 1 provincial agricultural section, savannakhet, lao pdr 2 crop protection unit, national agricultural research centre, vientiane, lao pdr, email. Hypersensitive reaction and induced resistance in rice against the. Joshi division of entomology, national institute of agroenvironmental sciences. The gall midge, orseolia oryzae, is a major dipteran pest of rice affecting most rice growing regions in asia, southeast asia and africa. Resistance to the rice gall midge, orseolia oryzae in rice. Breeding rice varieties with pest resistance has been a viable, ecologically acceptable approach for. Asian rice gall midge orseolia oryzae is one of the major pests of rice which is causing significant economic loss to the crop.
Mason, and their effects on a hymenopteran parasite of the midge, platygaster oryzae cameron, have been investigated. Larvae and pupae were collected at 15 locations in five asian countries and preserved in 95%. Pdf occurrence and management of rice gall midge in. Impact of paddy cultivation systems on insect pest incidence. Start this article has been rated as startclass on the projects quality scale.
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